The concepts of “radicalism” and “extremism” have been the focus of increasing scholarly attention in recent years, but, surprisingly, there has not been the same kind of effort to specify their opposites, such as the concept of “moderation.” In this article I argue that because “radicalism” and “extremism” have been defined in generally negative terms, we may deepen and refine our understanding of moderation once we are equipped with a more neutral conception of radicalism. Accordingly, I propose a new approach (...) to the study of radical ideologies by comparing them to literary genres. Just as literary genres use tropes that constrain our reading of a text, radical ideologies use tropes—as, for example, the Marxists’ use of “reactionary” or “bourgeois”—that refer to a much wider background dichotomy, on which they base their arguments to discredit those of their opponents or to reinforce those of their supporters. Using this approach, I show how the Marxist theorist and leading German politician Eduard Bernstein (1850–1932)—one of the founders of modern Social Democracy—made a step-by-step critique of the Social Democratic Party’s orthodox Marxist tropes and core narrative that thoroughly undermined their arguments. Bernstein, I further suggest, was a particularly good example of a political moderate because he did not altogether reject the claims of his radical Marxist opponents but rather accepted those parts of their reasoning that he considered valid. By thus opening the way for constructing an anti-radical Marxist narrative, Bernstein’s example shows how moderates can “steal a page” from the radicals’ playbook to create alternative narratives whose central opponents are the radicals themselves. I conclude by briefly discussing two contemporary thinkers—Norberto Bobbio and Karl Popper—who went further than Bernstein in the development of a fully fleshed anti-radical narrative. (shrink)

A timeless critique holds that the radical is animated by a deep sense of certainty that leads to the worst excesses. By distinguishing essentialist and non-essentialist forms of radicalism, Ernesto Laclau offers a “coalitional” form of radicalism that, in effect, responds to this critique. Laclau deconstructs classical forms of radicalism, such as Marxism, to show how one can use some of their formal components, such as dichotomic rhetoric and a notion of utopia, without assuming that their particular content (e.g., the (...) figure of the proletarian or the socialist utopia) entails the permanent abolition of oppression. Laclau’s radicalism enables political actors to build their own radical front by politicizing and creating linkages between issues. Laclau thus avoids the epistemic certainty of classical radicalisms. However, in the interest of politically effective radicalism, he deploys a localized form of certainty that has an ambivalent potential for intolerance and violence. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como principal foco de análise o currículo oficial português relacionado com a componente de História, para o Ensino Básico, em particular as ausências que aí mais sobressaem. Estas podem relacionar-se com os conhecimentos substantivos que se apartam da abordagem preconizada por variadas razões (passados incómodos? temas difíceis? grupos não poderosos? …) ou com as competências de pensamento histórico (multiperspetiva, significância, causalidade, empatia, …) que parecem ter sido esquecidas quando se estruturou certo percurso de aprendizagem para estudantes com (...) idades entre os 6 e os 15 anos. Como considerações maiores, constata-se, naqueles textos curriculares (denominado Aprendizagens Essenciais), uma aparente simplificação genérica da narrativa histórica que se conta aos mais jovens cidadãos do mundo atual. A inevitável seleção de determinados saberes em detrimento de outros, na verdade, contribui, acima de tudo, para o escamotear de uma literacia histórica que podia, e devia, alcançar outros níveis. O processo de ensino (e de aprendizagem) da História, desde o começo da escolaridade obrigatória, tem de orientar-se no sentido de uma formação cidadã, esclarecida, democrática, intertemporal. As inexistências no que concerne aos conteúdos considerados ou ao raciocínio potenciado, por sua vez, somente comprometem aquele desígnio. (shrink)

Brain–machine interfaces combining visual, auditory, and tactile feedback have been previously used to generate embodiment experiences during spinal cord injury rehabilitation. It is not known if adding temperature to these modalities can result in discomfort with embodiment experiences. Here, comfort levels with the embodiment experiences were investigated in an intervention that required a chronic pain SCI patient to generate lower limb motor imagery commands in an immersive environment combining visual, auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback. Assessments were made pre-/ post-, throughout (...) the intervention, and at 7 weeks follow up. Overall, high levels of embodiment in the adapted three-domain scale of embodiment were found throughout the sessions. No significant adverse effects of VR were reported. Although sessions induced only a modest reduction in pain levels, an overall reduction occurred in all pain scales at follow up. A high degree of comfort in the comfort scale for the thermal-tactile sleeve, in both the thermal and tactile feedback components of the sleeve was reported. This study supports the feasibility of combining multimodal stimulation involving visual, auditory, tactile, and thermal feedback to generate embodiment experiences in neurorehabilitation programs. (shrink)

The past two decades have seen an explosion in the methods and directions of neuroscience research. Along with many others, complexity research has rapidly gained traction as both an independent research field and a valuable subdiscipline in computational neuroscience. In the past decade alone, several studies have suggested that psychiatric disorders affect the spatiotemporal complexity of both global and region-specific brain activity (Liu et al., 2013; Adhikari et al., 2017; Li et al., 2018). However, many of these studies have not (...) accounted for the distributed nature of cognition in either the global or regional complexity estimates, which may lead to erroneous interpretations of both global and region-specific entropy estimates. To alleviate this concern, we propose a novel method for estimating complexity. This method relies upon projecting dynamic functional connectivity into a low-dimensional space which captures the distributed nature of brain activity. Dimension-specific entropy may be estimated within this space, which in turn allows for a rapid estimate of global signal complexity. Testing this method on a recently acquired obsessive-compulsive disorder dataset reveals substantial increases in the complexity of both global and dimension-specific activity versus healthy controls, suggesting that obsessive-compulsive patients may experience increased disorder in cognition. To probe the potential causes of this alteration, we estimate subject-level effective connectivity via a Hopf oscillator-based model dynamic model, the results of which suggest that obsessive-compulsive patients may experience abnormally high connectivity across a broad network in the cortex. These findings are broadly in line with results from previous studies, suggesting that this method is both robust and sensitive to group-level complexity alterations. (shrink)

An experimental study was designed to analyze the effect of school-based training in self-regulation learning strategies on academic performance. Class-level variables were considered and the effects of the intervention were measured at the end of the intervention and 3 months later. A sample of 761 students from 3rd and 4th grades, from 14 schools, participated in the study. Data were analyzed using three-level analysis with within-student measurements at level 1, between-students within-classes at level 2, and between-classes at level 3. Data (...) showed a positive effect of the intervention on student performance, both at post-test and at follow-up considering the four school subjects together. However, the effect was significant just at follow-up when subjects were considered separately. Student performance was significantly related to the students’ variables and the context. Finally, students’ gender and level of reading comprehension, as well as the teacher’s gender, were found to moderate the effect of the intervention on students’ academic performance. Two conclusions were highlighted: first, data emphasize the importance of considering time while conducting intervention studies. Second, more teaching experience does not necessarily translate into improvements in the quality of students’ instruction. (shrink)

O pesquisador americano Joseph Banks Rhine (1895 – 1980) e o psiquiatra suíço Carl Gustav Jung (1875 – 1961) foram contemporâneos, o interesse mútuo de pesquisa levou os dois autores a estabeleceram uma troca de correspondências a partir de 1934, que duraria as duas décadas seguintes. A partir desse diálogo importantes repercussões teóricas ocorreram no trabalho dos dois autores, especialmente, em relação a Jung. Em nossa metodologia analisamos as obras de Rhine e de Jung, com destaque para o impacto dos (...) experimentos sobre percepção extrassensorial (PES) sobre o trabalho de Jung de 1952, _Sincronicidade: um princípio de conexões acausais_. Apesar das controvérsias existentes sobre o conceito de sincronicidade, com alguns autores estabelecendo que PES e sincronicidade são eventos distintos, o autor suíço estabelece de forma clara três categorias ou facetas de seu conceito, duas delas incluindo a PES. (shrink)

Introduction: The aim of this review was to systematically synthesize the published literature describing the psychological and behavioral correlates of recreational running in adults, defined as running for leisure, with or without a competitive component.Methods: Quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021 were included. Studies were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and were included in this review if they were aimed at recreational running, included general adult samples, and assessed psychological or behavioral correlates of (...) recreational running.Results: Fifty-six articles reporting 58 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. There were 27 cross-sectional studies, 12 longitudinal studies, and 19 trials. Twenty-eight studies assessed antecedents of running behavior, and 25 studies used running behavior as treatment or predictor of a given effect or outcome. Four studies examined both predictors and outcomes of running. Thirty-one studies showed poor quality, while 20 had fair and 7 good quality. Motives were the most frequently studied antecedent of running behavior, and results suggest that the highest-ranked or more prevalent motives were physical health, psychological motives, and personal achievement. Additionally, perceived control, attitude toward running, intention and subjective norms, self-efficacy, and social support may have also played a role in the adoption of recreational running. Moreover, improvements in mood and well-being were the most frequently reported positive outcomes of running. Reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress were also reported in included studies.Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on this topic. The identification of behavioral and psychological correlates of recreational running across populations can contribute to inform and guide a public policy agenda, focused on helping people sustain regular physical activity, through a modality they have chosen and appear to enjoy.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=68954, identifier: CRD42017068954. (shrink)

A Psicologia Comunitária pode ser defi nida como uma área da Psicologia Social da Libertação (Góis, 2005), voltada para a compreensão da atividade comunitária como atividade social significativa e consciente e para a compreensão dos seus reflexos nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas. O presente arti..

Sem querer ser uma aproximação histórica e cultural ao tema indicado no título, este artigo visa discutir o seu quadro metafísico a fim de, em diálogo com uma interpretação de Miguel B. Pereira, fazer repercutir tal quadro mais na linhagem futura da análise leibniziana e menos na do apriori kantiano.

This essay attempts to offer some reflections on what it is that Jacques Derrida found uncomfortable in Martin Heidegger’s thought at the level of fundamental gestures. The region of disagreement is located in Derrida’s self-identification in a marrano register at an autographic level. This paper studies the notions of propriation and expropriation in Heidegger’s late texts and compares them to Derrida’s ‘uncanny propriation’ as a marrano notion. I offer four propositions regarding Derrida’s marranismo, which I align with Derrida’s proposal for (...) desecularization, tentatively described as a ‘messianic engagement with the khora’. I conclude with a proposal for the development of ontic models of marrano action that would antecede the theory/practice divide. (shrink)

Partindo de um descontentamento com o pensamento hegemônico no campo da educação, buscamos Deleuze para soprar novos ventos. Ele, no ABCDário, apresenta alguns comentários sobre sua experiência discente e docente. A partir destes aspectos destacados por ele, sobretudo quando a sua experiência docente, podemos repensar alguns lugares comuns na maioria dos discursos pedagógicos. Seu pensamento nos permite pensar novas categorias para tratar da educação e permite pensar uma docência nômade.

DIREITOS HUMANOS E INTERPRETAÇÃO EM CHAIM PERELMAN.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a presença de Arthur Schopenhauer como tema de dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado no Brasil. Essa avaliação é realizada a partir das respostas a quatro perguntas fundamentais: Em que localidades a Pesquisa Schopenhauer se concentra? Em quais níveis da pós-graduação stricto sensu ela ocorre? Quais áreas do conhecimento a produziram e a produzem? Quais são seus temas predominantes? A metodologia empregada é predominantemente quantitativa e consiste na análise dos dados de trabalhos registrados (...) no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. (shrink)

A formalização dos raciocínios a que Aristóteles se consagra nos Primeiros Analíticos é restrita, como sabemos, a proposições da forma categórica. Embora reco- nheça certas especificidades formais nas proposições encerrando predicados relacionais, Aristóteles parece reservar-lhes um estatuto secundário, considerando-as, em alguma medida, redutíveis a proposições categóricas. Neste artigo, pretendo examinar algumas passagens de Categorias 7 que possam lançar alguma luz sobre o estatuto que Aristóte- les confere às atribuições relativas, visando melhor precisar as razões que o teriam conduzido a negligenciar (...) um tratamento formal mais rigoroso das proposições relacionais nos Primeiros Analíticos. (shrink)

Em mais de uma ocasião, e em variados escritos, Tarso Mazzotti enfatizou a importância do diálogo e do debate como parte constitutiva do fazer científico e demonstrou a importância da Teoria da Argumentação como ferramenta essencial ao exame das teorias e doutrinas pedagógicas. Podese seguramente identificar como algumas das principais características da filosofia da educação, praticada por este autor, o rigor na apresentação das idéias e construção dos argumentos, além do amplo espectro de temas que aborda. Seu último livro, Doutrinas (...) pedagógicas: máquinas produtoras de litígio, é um testemunho da originalidade inerente ao seu pensamento, que focaliza, dessa feita, o exame de algumas doutrinas pedagógicas, as quais, a partir do século XVII, operam direta ou indiretamente nos discursos a respeito da educação escolar. (shrink)

BERGER, P. L.; LUCKMANN, T. Modernidade, pluralismo e crise de sentido ; a orientação do homem moderno Aurino José Góis RIBEIRO, Renato Janine. A república . RIBEIRO, Renato Janine. A democracia . João Carlos Lino Gomes SUNG, Jung Mo. Sementes de esperança. A fé em um mundo em crise. Flávio Senra.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread use of online hearings in arbitral proceedings, raising questions about the impact of such proceedings on the determination of facts underlying a dispute. This article explores the extent to which online hearings may hinder arbitrators’ ability to assess witness credibility by drawing upon the cognitive psychology literature on truthfulness determination and lie detection. A survey of the literature suggests that the ability to differentiate truthful from dishonest statements through verbal and nonverbal cues (...) is limited, leading to the notion that observing behaviors like fidgeting, gaze aversion, vocal pitch, or body posture is not particularly relevant in assessing the credibility of a witness. Instead, focusing on the content of what is reported appears to be the most relevant strategy to determine credibility. Therefore, research does not support the idea that face-to-face contact with witnesses is essential to determine the facts of a dispute. Still, the use of in-person hearings may, in practice, continue to be preferred due to underlying cultural assumptions regarding the nature of hearings, the facilitation of communication between parties, counsel, and the tribunal, and a general sense of _Zoom fatigue_. (shrink)

Apesar dos estudos sobre o tema das religiões de matrizes africanas já realizados no país, ainda subsiste o desconhecimento e a discriminação em relação a elas, por parte significativa da população brasileira. Não obstante a produção existente é imperativa a necessidade de novas abordagens e perspectivas de análise. Esse é o objetivo desta Comunicação: traduzir numa linguagem clara e fundamentada as práticas rituais, a configuração do espaço sagrado e o culto as divindades do panteão africano, especificamente do Candomblé. O texto (...) apresenta uma compreensão e interpretação do sistema religioso dessa religião, tendo como base pesquisa recente realizada nos terreiros do município de Contagem, região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Finalmente, o trabalho reconhece a complexidade do universo simbólico ora apresentado, reafirmando a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o tema, a fim de tornar esse universo compreensível e cada vez mais familiar. Tarefa não muito fácil, mas necessária enquanto exigência legal e democrática do direito de culto de todos os cidadãos. Palavras-chave : Candomblé. Terreiro. Orixá. Iniciação. Mitos.Although studies on the subject of African Brazilian religions, there still remains the ignorance and discrimination towards them for a significant part of the population. Notwithstanding the existing production, new approaches and perspectives of analysis are needed. For this purpose, the present study translates into clear language some ritual practices, the configuration of the sacred space and worship performed to the deities of the African pantheon, specifically the Candomblé. The text presents an analysis and interpretation of the religious system of that religion, based on a recent survey conducted in the “terreiros” of Contagem, a metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Finally, the paper acknowledges the complexity of the symbolic universe of that region and reaffirms the need for further research on the topic, in order to make this reality understandable and increasingly familiar. This task is not easy, but it is necessary as a legal requirement and also as a democratic right of worship for all citizens. Keywords: Candomblé. Terreiro. Orisha. Initiation. Myths. (shrink)

Higher Order theories of consciousness have their fair share of sympathisers, but the arguments mustered in their support are—to my mind—unduly persuasive. My aim in this paper is to show that Higher Order theories cannot accommodate the possibility of misrepresentation without either falling into contradiction, or collapsing into a First-Order theory. If this diagnosis is on the right track, then Higher Order theories—at least in the specific versions here considered—fail to give an account of what they set out to explain: (...) what is distinctive of ‘conscious’ phenomena. (shrink)

Macek (2004) highlighted a typology of current concepts of cyberculture. Four different concepts were identified, which are spans utopian, information, anthropological and epistemological concepts of cyberculture. Macek (2004) also highlighted four different periods of the cyberculture and its impacts on netizen. The very first foundations of cyberculture originate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) at the turn of the 1950s and the 1960s. Early cyberculture reached its peak in the late 1970s and in the 1980s. Early cyberculture originates in (...) the American hackers’ subcultures. The second period of cyberculture can be broadly set to the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. The beginning of the third period was characterised by a significant transformation at all the levels of early cyberculture, a shift that was related to the accelerated spread of microcomputers and to the development of public computer networks. This fourth period begins at the end of the 1980s and ends in about the middle of the 1990s. (shrink)

The main objective of this article is to analyse the dark side of customer analytics and the ethics issues in the retailing industry. Ethics-related issues in retailing began to be discussed and studied primarily in the 1960s. The rising interest in ethical issues in retailing is in line with social concerns and consumer awareness, especially in the 1970s and 1980s. The use of big data in customer analytics is one of the most strategic weapons in the competitive retail environment, especially (...) in terms of systematic examination of customers’ buying behaviour, trend, and pattern will be used to help make business decisions via market segmentation and predictive analytics. The dark side of customer analytics in retailing is mainly related to security and privacy, incentives, risks, data sharing management, and data vulnerabilities that ultimately erode customer confidence and satisfaction level. (shrink)

A intervenção percorre a história dos atributos antonianos, iniciando-se pela figura e suas vestes: Menino de coro, Cónego regrante de Santo Agostinho e Franciscano. Analisa a evolução das vestes franciscanas e o caso único com adereços de Doutor. As primeiras representações portuguesas mostram António com o atributo da cruz, reveladora de um seguidor de Cristo pobre e crucificado. O livro aparece aberto ou fechado e caracteriza um depositário da doutrina evangélica. O Menino Jesus é atributo preferido desde o século XV. (...) Começa por aparecer sobre o peito e depois a aparição adopta variadíssimas posições em relação, muitas vezes, com o livro. A açucena, documentada desde quinhentos, torna-se mais habitual desde o século XVII. Estudam--se também os atributos por contaminação com Santo Antão Abade. Novos temas relacionam o Santo com as almas do Purgatório e com a devoção ao pão dos pobres, muito divulgada no século XIX. (shrink)

This paper raises a new form of speaker error objection to the analysis of disputes as metalinguistic negotiations in cases in which disputants reject that analysis. It focuses on an obvious but underexplored form of speaker error: speakers’ misattribution of contents both to others and to themselves. It argues that the analyses of disputes that posit this type of speaker error are uncharitable in three different ways: first, by portraying speakers as mistaken interpreters of their interlocutors; second, by portraying speakers (...) as uncharitable interpreters of their interlocutors; third, by portraying speakers who retract their claims as mistaken interpreters of their own prior utterances. Taken together, these unfavorable consequences weigh significantly against the plausibility of this type of analysis for the cases in question. (shrink)

A ideia de uma crise do rádio consolidou-se no imaginário coletivo nas últimas décadas, a despeito de não haver ancoragem na realidade. Se muitas rádios tradicionais AM e FM saem do ar, vendidas a igrejas eletrônicas ou novos grupos empresariais, multiplica-se a oferta de conteúdos no contexto de um rádio expandido, que transborda para novas plataformas e é consumido nos mais diversos dispositivos. O rádio vai bem, obrigado, embora algumas emissoras de rádio em ondas hertzianas estejam mal das pernas, lamentando-se (...) da concorrência com serviços on-line e da erosão dos habituais índices de audiência, antes medidos em centenas de milhares de ouvintes por minuto. (shrink)

Entrevista com o professor Mauro Rêgo Sá Costa para o dossiê Rádio nas Bordas.